Links, Notes, and Sources

A story of such magnitude like the tale of Feinstein and Barazani merited an abundance of commentary and writings in numerous web sites. I created this page to assist me while writing the site, as many of the links required me to view multiple times. This page includes several embedded third party videos from YouTube that might be useful to expand the story. (NOTE: If you own the rights of any of these embedded videos and you do object to its inclusion in this site, just let me know and it will be promptly removed).

This page also contains notes that are referred to from other pages of the site. I also listed some of the books (in English) that I recommend reading. The list is, of course, not exhaustive.

Links

The Feinstein and Barazani Story

Mount Olives Cemetery, Jerusalem

Meir Feinstein's True Birth Date

  • Meir's true birth date, July 1929, was crucial during his trial. Meir was only 17 during the attack on the Jerusalem Train Station. As a young 15-year-old teenager, he wanted to join the British Army in order to fight the Nazis. To overcome this limitation, Meir, who looked much older than his true age, got a hold of a falsified certificate from the Mayor of Petach Tikva. In many sources today, Meir's birth date is WRONGLY marked as October 5, 1927 (ט' בתשרי תרפ"ח). During the trial, the British regarded Meir as a 23-25-year-old. In the testimonial part of his book, Yedidya Hatalgi, my father, Binyamin Feinstein, explains in detail that Meir was born in July of 1929, and as such, he was under-aged during both the operation (October 1946) and the trial (April 1947).
  • Among the letters requesting clemency for Feinstein and Barazani, the Mayor of Tel-Aviv, I. Rokach, said, "I feel myself fortified in my appeal by the knowledge that the two condemned men are very young persons. As to FEINSTEIN, I understand that his age was an issue during the trial and that there exists considerable evidence to show that he is under 18 years of age." See page 19 of this Archive.
  • My brother, Eliezer Feinstein's testimony in Makor Rishon [July 27, 2017 - in Hebrew], based on recent documents he has found in our parents' house, provides more proof of Meir's true birth date of July 1929.

Museum of the Underground Prisoners, Jerusalem

The Attack on the Jerusalem Train Station

  • The Irgun ("Etzel" in Hebrew) web site has a very detailed description of the attack on the Jerusalem Train Station in which Meir was injured and captured. The Hebrew version.
  • I thought that the following contemporary account of the attack (even though grossly inaccurate) will give the reader the proper historical atmosphere of the times. The article was published in Perth, Western Australia on the day following the attack, under the sensational title: Female Jewish Bomber Murders 12 in Jerusalem – "Girl in Red" in Bomb Horror. The "girl in red" is Sima Fleishhaker, who was disguised as a newly wed bride.
  • Yehuda Lapidot's book (in Hebrew) about the women fighters of the Irgun, Today Little Sara, tells the story of Sima Fleishhaker's participation in this attack.

The Importance of the Underground Attacks in Hastening British Withdrawal from Palestine

Heinrich Reinhold - The Irgun's Jewish Traitor who Caused Meir's Capture

  • The activity of Reinhold as a British agent while he was the deputy commander in the attack on the King David Hotel in Jerusalem (July 22, 1946), and his betrayal during the attack on the Jerusalem train station (October 30, 1946) appears in the Jerusalem Institute Blog. When searching this post, please remember to use his Irgun underground name, which was "Yanai".
  • The article, Undermining the Underground by Yosi Melman, in the Haaretz newspaper mentioned Heinrich Reinhold and Yaakov Chilevich as the worst traitors of the Irgun. It provides some background on how the British attempted to penetrate the Underground.
  • A December 1946 top secret document from the British CID indicates that Reinhold became an agent for the British when he was captured after the attack on King David Hotel. This recruitment timeline contradicts the story from the Jerusalem Institute blog linked above.
  • Link to the Hebrew language Wikipedia story about Heinrich Reinhold.
  • Uri Katzir published a detailed story (in Hebrew) about the unbelievable betrayal of Reinhold was written on his blog in March 2007.
  • A newspaper story (written in Hebrew) in the Israeli newspaper Maariv, dated July 27, 1954, is probably the first publication that revealed the upsetting story of Reinhold's treachery to the general Israeli public. I can only imagine the heartache my father must have felt when he read this article for the first time.

Achdut Israel Synagogue

  • The web site of Achdut Israel Synagogue provides valuable information about prayer hours, directions, the history of the synagogue, donations and more.
  • Gil Tenenbaum wrote a blog page about the synagogue in 2013.
  • The Jerusalem Post had the following story about Achdut Israel synagogue
  • The Times of Israel published the story "Tzadik in our Time!" about Rabbi Aryeh Levin. The story includes an interesting testimony by his grandson, Rabbi Benji Levene, who is the current rabbi of Achdut Israel synagogue.

Jerusalem During the Life of Meir

  • In this amazing FLASHBAK.COM Album of Photos of Palestine and Israel 1930-1949, you can find beautiful high resolution black & white pictures of Jerusalem, Mount Olives Cemetery and other places mentioned on our site. Each picture is accompanied with a detailed description.
  • The Jerusalem Cinematheque Digitization Project recently obtained a rare color movie of Jerusalem from the 1930s. The movie will be digitized and available online within a year or two. In the meantime, you may enjoy the color images of Jerusalem in this Ynet article preview (in Hebrew).

Miscellaneous Links

Third Party Videos

Menachem Begin's Speech of 1981 Recognizing Feinstein and Barazani

In the following video from the 1981 election campaign, Menachem Begin uses the legacy of Moshe and Meir to push against the racial tensions between the Ashkenazi Jews and the Spheradi Jews. This video is in Hebrew, but it has English subtitles (please press the "CC" button to activate).

"A Grenade Between The Hearts" by Yoni Barak

The following animated video (in Hebrew) was created by Yoni Barak during his studies at the JumpCut School for video Animators and Editors ג'אמפקאט - בית הספר לעורכים ואנימטורים . Yoni Barak is actually the grandson of Moshe Barazani's brother and he selected the story of his great uncle and Meir as his final project in school. The video includes an interview with Eliezer Ben-Ami, the designer of the grenades. Published on Dec 12, 2016. Advisor: Yaron Sheen.


[Click here to see Barak's video directly on YouTube]

"A Rare Testimony by Eliezer Ben-Ami" by Asher Torem

The following video (in Hebrew) provides the testimony of Eliezer Ben-Ami, the maker of the improvised grenades that were used by Meir and Moshe to blow themselves up prior to their execution. It contains related paintings drawn by Ben-Ami himself of scenes he recalled from his time in the Central Prison of Jerusalem, as well as technical diagrams of the grenades. Published on May 3, 2016. Editor and Photographer: Asher Torem, Narrator: Moyshik Timor.


"Operation Samson and the Philistines" by Dov Goldstein

The following video (In Hebrew) was published by Dov Goldstein on September 2, 2013. It is titled: "Operation Samson and the Philistines - the Story of Olei Hagardom Meir Feinstein and Moshe Barazani." It includes a lengthy interview with Eliezer Ben-Ami, the Lehi prisoner who created the grenades hidden within the harmless looking oranges.

[Click here to see Goldstein's video directly on YouTube]

Books I Recommend

Menachem Begin - "The Revolt - Story of the Irgun"

This book was first published in 1951 and since then, it has undergone numerous editions and prints, as well as translations into several languages. This book describes Menachem Begin's view from the top command of the Irgun, of the formulation and activity of the Irgun, the main underground organization in the Revolt against the British. It begins with Begin being sentenced to be imprisoned in a Soviet concentration camp in April of 1941, his eventual arrival to Eretz Israel in May of 1942, and his becoming the Irgun's supreme commander. It then tells the inside story of the revolt, until the independence of the state of Israel.

In chapters V - "Logic of the Revolt" and VI - "Army of the Underground," Begin provides the logic for the revolt and explained why the Irgun fighters were not terrorists. I believe that after reading these chapters, one can begin to understand why the Irgun took the huge risk of putting the warning on the suitcases with the explosives inside during the October 1946 attack on the Jerusalem train station, during which Meir was injured and captured. As it happened, when Sima put the warning on the suitcases, it immediately caught the attention of one the Arab policemen in the train station, and caused a hasty and premature retreat.

John Bowyer Bell - "Terror Out of Zion - The Shock Troops of Israeli Independence"

American born historian and expert in terrorism John Bowyer Bell (1931-2003), was one of the leading researchers on the IRA, as his book The Secret Army: A History of IRA became the standard academic work on its subject.

His book Terror Out of Zion is the first comprehensive English-language account of the revolt of the Irgun and Lehi against the British rule in Eretz Israel. The book is skillfully written in the style of an action novel, and yet, has the scholarly attributes of well-researched sources.

Thurston Clarke - "By Blood and Fire - The attack on the King David Hotel"

Published by Hutchinson in 1981, this book includes a detailed research into the July 22, 1946 attack on the King David Hotel in Jerusalem. The hotel hosted military and civilian government offices of the British Mandate, and was attacked by the Irgun (with the initial blessing of the Haganah) in response to Operation Agatha ("Black Saturday") of June 30, 1946.

The book describes the operation in great detail, attempting to re-create the day of the attack almost moment by moment. It is based on interviews with surviving participants of this event, from the British and Arab sides, as well as with the Irgun soldiers who participated in the mission. The book is well written in a neutral way, listing the faults of all sides of the conflict. It describes how the British detested the Irgun fighters from their perspective, and it illustrated the effectiveness of the revolt in accelerating the British withdrawal from Eretz Israel.

With his greatly detailed research, Clarke was able to finally establish beyond a reasonable doubt that the Irgun soldiers did call the Kind David Hotel, the Palestine Post newspaper, and the nearby French Consulate with preliminary warnings about the imminent explosion of the building.

David Cesarani - "Major Farran's Hat: Britain's War Against Jewish Terrorism 1945-1948"

The book details the the abduction, torture, and murder of the 16-year-old Jewish Lehi operative Alexander Rubowitz by the British war hero Major Roy Farran. This abduction, murder, and the British government attempts to cover up, caused great resentment world-wide. David Cesarani, a British historian, exposes this shady episode in the final years of British rule in Eretz Israel, and sheds light on Britain's legacy in the Middle East.

Although the Rubowitz affair happened after the death of Meir and Moshe, the book provides important historical context from the point of view of the British government. The teenager Rubowitz was murdered only because he was hanging the Lehi posters. Moshe Barazani and his brothers also hung Lehi posters prior to the murder of Rubowitz. Meir's fiancée, Rachel Kramer, hung posters for the Irgun.